ABSTRACT
Background: Although it was initially believed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only attacked the respiratory system, reports over time demonstrated that this disease could attack the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as well. The predominant presenting symptoms in patients infected with COVID-19 were gastrointestinal, resulting in gastrointestinal (GI) pathological changes. While clinicians' concerns are mostly related to respiratory system manifestations, GI symptoms should be monitored and managed appropriately. Objectives: This review summarizes the essential information about COVID-19 GIT infection in terms of pathogenesis, major pathological changes, microbiological bases of infection and the possibility of feco-oral transmission, the severity of associated symptoms, the major radiological findings, the impact on GI surgery, the role of therapeutic agents in induction or magnification of GI symptoms, and a pitfall on the nutritional supplementation in COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
Although it was initially believed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only attacked the respiratory system, reports over time demonstrated that this disease could attack the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as well. The predominant presenting symptoms in patients infected with COVID-19 were gastrointestinal (GI), resulting in GI pathological changes. While clinicians' concerns are mostly related to respiratory system manifestations, GI symptoms should be monitored and managed appropriately. This review summarizes the essential information about COVID-19 GIT infection in terms of pathogenesis, major pathological changes, microbiological bases of infection, the possibility of feco-oral transmission, the severity of associated symptoms, the major radiological findings, the impact on GI surgery, the role of therapeutic agents in induction or magnification of GI symptoms, and a pitfall on the nutritional supplementation in COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the provision of medical services. The hemodialysis (HD) facilities together with other medical facilities faced challenges in safely providing clinical care to patients and staff during the pandemic. Objective: To describe our experience during the COVID-19 pandemic as regard infection, mortality rate, clinical manifestations, illness duration and the efficacy of our local infection control measures in our Hemodialysis Unit, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Patients and Methods: followed the interim guidance provided by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) together with the European Renal Association– European Dialysis Transplantation Association (ERA-EDTA) for dealing with the emerging COVID19 pandemic in HD centers. The study included 238 patients on regular HD from Dialysis Unit in Ain Shams University Hospitals. We monitored all patients and staff members for any symptoms or signs of respiratory tract infection and those confirmed to have COVID-19 infection were followed up through their illness. Results: 42 out of total 238 patients were diagnosed to have COVID19 infection by combination of symptoms, chest imaging and SARS COV PCR. Their mean age was 49.8 ± 8.9 years, 19 were males, the mean ± SD total illness duration for all COVID-19 positive patients was 17 ± 8.7. Patients were further subdivided based on survival into cure group (34 patients) and death group (8 patients). CRP and D-dimer were all significantly higher in death group while O2% were significantly lower in death group compared to cure group. Conclusion: COVID 19 pandemic still a major health problem worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. © 2021, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Alkaloid drugs were permitted for using as a treatment of numerous diseases. Colchicine, codeine, piperine, papaverine, ergometrine, theophylline, theobromine and caffeine are recognized safe alkaloids and used for many human disfunctions. The chemical structures of alkaloids have flexible chemical moieties with various electronic and chemical characters. COVID-19 is a horrible disease as result from that the discovering of potent drugs from previously FDA approved drugs is the main objective of this study. Methods: docking studies were used for discovering the interactions of alkaloids with protease proteins. The nature of selected alkaloids structures was utilized for advance insights studies to predict new medical applications. Results: Docking studies for alkaloids were completed and the obtained outcomes, displayed that all tried alkaloids have great attraction with the five protease proteins, the energy docking score ranged from -2.9516 (for colchicine with 5R82) to -24.7449 (for ergotamine with 5R80) kcal/mol with 1-5 variable interactions bond. Conclusion: Among the tested drugs, papaverine and ergometrine revealed high docking scores for all five proteins (score ranged from, -14.1058 to 23.1619 for papaverine and, -4.7900 to 24.7449 for ergometrine) and number of interactions with all tested proteins are two to three for papaverine but for ergometrine are two to five. © 2021 Phcogj.Com. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
ABSTRACT
Natural polyphenolic drugs were approved for treatment of various diseases. Diosmin, rutin, quercetin, aesculin, genistein, hesperidin and silybin are known for their safety and have been applied for several human disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, capillary fragility, liver and pancreatic disorders and others. As the structures of the selected polyphenolic compounds possess variable chemical moieties with diverse chemical and electronic characters, these properties have been employed for further insights studies to predict new applications concerning the newly occurred pandemic. COVID-19 is a terrible disease that attacked millions of human populations at the end of year 2019. As the number of death cases has increased to exceed one million of humans, the early discovery of new treatment from previously approved and safe drugs is the main target of this study. Employing the putative docking studies for the selected polypheno-lic drugs were done and the results were promising, all tested drugs exhibited high affinity with the selected five proteins of protease enzyme, the docking score ranged from-8.4461 to-26.1691 kcal/mol with 3-7 variable interaction bonds. Among the tested drugs, diosmin appeared as the most promising drug as it exhibited the highest energy score and interaction bonds with the most of proteins.